American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences (AAFCS) Practice Test

During adolescence (ages 11-18), what is the main psychological challenge faced?

1. Autonomy vs. shame

2. Trust vs. mistrust

3. Identity vs. role confusion

4. Industry vs. inferiority

The correct answer is: Identity vs. role confusion

The primary psychological challenge faced during adolescence is centered around the concept of identity versus role confusion. This stage, as outlined by Erik Erikson, highlights the critical task of adolescents exploring their personal values, beliefs, and sense of self. During this period, individuals are actively trying to understand who they are in relation to their family, peers, and society at large. Successfully navigating this challenge leads to a solid sense of identity, which is essential for making future life decisions, establishing relationships, and functioning in various social roles. Failure to find a clear sense of self can result in confusion about one’s role in the world, leading to uncertainty and instability in various areas of life, including relationships and career choices. Other options represent earlier stages in Erikson’s theory. The challenge of autonomy versus shame primarily occurs in early childhood, where issues of independence are explored. Trust versus mistrust is the first stage of development, focusing on the infant's reliance on caregivers. Industry versus inferiority typically characterizes the school-age years prior to adolescence, where children work on competence and skills in relation to their peers. Thus, understanding the correct option requires recognizing the developmental significance of identity formation that uniquely characterizes the adolescent years.