American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences (AAFCS) Practice Test 2026 - Free AAFCS Practice Questions and Study Guide

The key concept that children must learn during the ages of 1 to 3, according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, is the need for autonomy and independence. During this stage, referred to as "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt," children are beginning to assert their independence and explore their abilities. It is vital for them to be encouraged to develop a sense of control over their lives and to make choices, which helps foster confidence and self-assurance. When caregivers support this exploration, children learn to trust their own abilities, while overly restrictive environments may lead to feelings of shame and doubt about their capabilities.

Additionally, while the development of trust in caregivers is an important concept in earlier stages (specifically during the "Trust vs. Mistrust" stage), by ages 1 to 3, the focus shifts towards establishing autonomy. Social acceptance and the exploration of moral dilemmas are more relevant in later developmental stages and are not primary concerns for toddlers at this age.