American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences (AAFCS) Practice Test

What is the primary health risk associated with excessive intake of saturated fat?

1. Increased risk of diabetes

2. Higher susceptibility to infections

3. Increased risk of heart disease and certain kinds of cancer

4. Heightened allergic reactions

The correct answer is: Increased risk of heart disease and certain kinds of cancer

The primary health risk associated with excessive intake of saturated fat is an increased risk of heart disease and certain kinds of cancer. Saturated fats, which are primarily found in animal products and some plant-based oils, can raise the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the bloodstream. Elevated LDL cholesterol is a well-established risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaques in arteries, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, there is evidence suggesting that a high saturated fat intake may be linked to the risk of certain types of cancers, particularly those of the digestive system, including colorectal cancer. This association arises from the way high saturated fat diets can influence bodily processes such as inflammation and hormonal changes, which can contribute to cancer development. In contrast, the other health risks mentioned in the options are less directly correlated with saturated fat intake. For example, while high saturated fat diets may indirectly contribute to metabolic issues, they are not the primary factors associated with diabetes. Similarly, higher susceptibility to infections and heightened allergic reactions are not typically linked to saturated fats as direct causes.