American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences (AAFCS) Practice Test

What is the primary conflict addressed in the early childhood stage (ages 3-5) according to Erikson?

1. Initiative vs. guilt

2. Trust vs. mistrust

3. Industry vs. inferiority

4. Identity vs. role confusion

The correct answer is: Initiative vs. guilt

The primary conflict addressed in the early childhood stage (ages 3-5) according to Erikson is initiative vs. guilt. During this developmental phase, children begin to assert power and control over their environment through directing play and other social interactions. If encouraged and supported in their efforts to initiate activities, children develop a sense of initiative, feeling capable and able to lead others. Conversely, if they are discouraged or made to feel that their efforts are misguided or result in unwanted outcomes, they may experience feelings of guilt about their needs and desires. This conflict is essential for fostering a sense of purpose in children, as it helps shape their ability to take initiative while understanding the balance between freedom and responsibility. In comparison to the other stages mentioned, trust vs. mistrust occurs much earlier in infancy, industry vs. inferiority addresses the school-age years, and identity vs. role confusion occurs during adolescence, making initiative vs. guilt the correct focus for the early childhood period.