American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences (AAFCS) Practice Test

In Erikson's second stage of development, what skill is emphasized for children aged 1-3?

1. The ability to form friendships

2. Independence and personal care skills

3. Creative expression through play

4. Completing school work successfully

The correct answer is: Independence and personal care skills

In Erikson's second stage of development, which occurs during the ages of 1 to 3, the focus is on autonomy versus shame and doubt. This stage emphasizes the development of independence and personal care skills. Children are learning to assert their independence by performing tasks on their own, such as dressing, toileting, and feeding themselves. Successfully mastering these skills leads to a sense of autonomy and confidence in their abilities, while struggles and failures can result in feelings of shame and doubt about their capabilities. This is an essential stage for fostering self-esteem and nurturing a child's confidence in their own actions. While forming friendships, creative expression, and completing school work are important developmental milestones, they are not the primary focus during this specific stage. Friendships typically become more relevant in later stages, as do school work and more organized forms of play that encourage creative expression.